Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) from 2021 to 2022, by selected country
(in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms)
Characteristic
2021
2022*
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Russia's gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) was the largest in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), at nearly ** billion U.S. dollars in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms in 2021. Poland followed, having spent around **** billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms on R&D. In the following year, Poland was forecast to increase its spending by around **** percent.
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R&D WORLD. (May 30, 2022). Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) from 2021 to 2022, by selected country (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 19, 2026, from /statistics/1345124/cee-gerd-by-country/
R&D WORLD. "Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) from 2021 to 2022, by selected country (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms)." Chart. May 30, 2022. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 19, 2026. /statistics/1345124/cee-gerd-by-country/
R&D WORLD. (2022). Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) from 2021 to 2022, by selected country (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 19, 2026. /statistics/1345124/cee-gerd-by-country/
R&D WORLD. "Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (Gerd) in Central and Eastern Europe (Cee) from 2021 to 2022, by Selected Country (in Billion U.S. Dollars in Ppp Terms)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 30 May 2022, /statistics/1345124/cee-gerd-by-country/
R&D WORLD, Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) from 2021 to 2022, by selected country (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1345124/cee-gerd-by-country/ (last visited July 19, 2026)
Gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) from 2021 to 2022, by selected country (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms) [Graph], R&D WORLD, May 30, 2022. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1345124/cee-gerd-by-country/
