Research and development (R&D) spending as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) from 2021 to 2022, by selected country
(in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms)
Characteristic
2021
2022*
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Slovenia spent the largest share of its gross domestic product (GDP) on research and development among Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries at nearly *** percent in 2021. Czechia ranked second, with a slightly lower share.
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R&D WORLD. (May 30, 2022). Research and development (R&D) spending as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) from 2021 to 2022, by selected country (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 26, 2026, from /statistics/1345134/cee-research-and-development-spend-to-gdp-by-country/
R&D WORLD. "Research and development (R&D) spending as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) from 2021 to 2022, by selected country (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms)." Chart. May 30, 2022. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 26, 2026. /statistics/1345134/cee-research-and-development-spend-to-gdp-by-country/
R&D WORLD. (2022). Research and development (R&D) spending as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) from 2021 to 2022, by selected country (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 26, 2026. /statistics/1345134/cee-research-and-development-spend-to-gdp-by-country/
R&D WORLD. "Research and Development (R&d) Spending as a Share of Gross Domestic Product (Gdp) in Central and Eastern Europe (Cee) from 2021 to 2022, by Selected Country (in Billion U.S. Dollars in Ppp Terms)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 30 May 2022, /statistics/1345134/cee-research-and-development-spend-to-gdp-by-country/
R&D WORLD, Research and development (R&D) spending as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) from 2021 to 2022, by selected country (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1345134/cee-research-and-development-spend-to-gdp-by-country/ (last visited July 26, 2026)
Research and development (R&D) spending as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) from 2021 to 2022, by selected country (in billion U.S. dollars in PPP terms) [Graph], R&D WORLD, May 30, 2022. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1345134/cee-research-and-development-spend-to-gdp-by-country/
