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Excluding settlement payments for disputes, damages, royalties, and costs incurred for the purchase of industrial property rights.

Figures are based on a survey of 3,018 business enterprises.

Sample size by industry:

• Electrical machinery manufacturing n=254
• Iron, steel, and nonferrous metals manufacturing n=57
• Transportation equipment manufacturing n=115
• Business-oriented machinery manufacturing n=93
• Chemical industry n=192
• Pharmaceutical manufacturing n=73
• Machinery manufacturing n=179
• Petroleum, coal, plastics, rubber, ceramics n=188
• Textile, pulp, and paper manufacturing n=59
• Education, Technology Licensing Offices (TLO), public research institutions, public service n=275
• Food manufacturing n=129
• Fabricated metal products manufacturing n=103
• Construction n=133
• Information and communications n=197
• Wholesale and retail trade n=379
• Other manufacturing industries n=183
• Other non-manufacturing industries n=317
• Sole proprietor, others n= 92

Expenditure includes the following categories:

• Costs related to registration processes of identifying, acquiring, and maintaining industrial property rights (including outsourced expenses such as patent attorney fees, excluding transfers from third parties).
• Costs for compensation paid to inventors, creators, etc., based on the company's established compensation system. 
• Costs for personnel responsible for intellectual property matters within the companies.
• Other costs.

100 Japanese yen equal 0.68 U.S. dollars or 0.58 euros as of September 2025.