* Western European countries considered in this study include Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Norway, United Kingdom, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland.
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Share of online turnover Western Europe 2016-2018, by channel
This graph presents the share of online turnover in selected Western European countries from 2016 to 2018, sorted by sales channel. In 2018, click & mortar turnover caught up with pureplay online retailers, representing ** percent of all online turnover. Unlike pureplay online retailers, click & mortar sales channel combines physical and online retailing. In 2016, only ** percent of all online turnover was generated through this channel.
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GfK. (May 9, 2019). Share of online turnover in Western Europe from 2016 to 2018, by sales channel* [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. Retrieved July 31, 2026, from /statistics/1009462/online-turnover-share-western-europe-by-sales-channel/
GfK. "Share of online turnover in Western Europe from 2016 to 2018, by sales channel*." Chart. May 9, 2019. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. Accessed July 31, 2026. /statistics/1009462/online-turnover-share-western-europe-by-sales-channel/
GfK. (2019). Share of online turnover in Western Europe from 2016 to 2018, by sales channel*. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 31, 2026. /statistics/1009462/online-turnover-share-western-europe-by-sales-channel/
GfK. "Share of Online Turnover in Western Europe from 2016 to 2018, by Sales Channel*." ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ Inc., 9 May 2019, /statistics/1009462/online-turnover-share-western-europe-by-sales-channel/
GfK, Share of online turnover in Western Europe from 2016 to 2018, by sales channel* ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ, /statistics/1009462/online-turnover-share-western-europe-by-sales-channel/ (last visited July 31, 2026)
Share of online turnover in Western Europe from 2016 to 2018, by sales channel* [Graph], GfK, May 9, 2019. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1009462/online-turnover-share-western-europe-by-sales-channel/