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As of March 2025, Santander led the ranking of banks in Spain by assets, totaling * billion euros. It was followed by CaixaBank and BBVA, with assets of *** billion and * billion euros, respectively. These three banks dominated the sector in terms of asset size, with Banco de Sabadell and Bankinter trailing at a considerable distance.

Banking assets

Loans and credits constitute some of the most important assets in the banking industry. The volume of lending to households, companies and other banks in Spain decreased over the last decade, falling from *** to two trillion euros between 2010 and 2023. Other outstanding banking assets are deposits in central banks and other credit institutions, and financial instruments. As for the latter, Spanish credit institutions make up one of the largest buyers of government debt. A high demand for Spanish Treasury bills and bonds, along with investor confidence and an improved credit rating, have been driving bond yields down. The average yield of long-term government bonds plummeted after 2012, and by 2024, it was approximately **** percent.

Bank solvency and liquidity

Solvency and liquidity are both crucial indicators of the banking system’s health, and assets and liabilities play an important role in both of them. Kutxabank and Unicaja were the most solvent Spanish banks as of June 2023, based on the CET1 fully-loaded capital ratio, whereas Santander ranked ninth. As for liquidity, the ratio between loans and deposits (LTD) decreased substantially between 2010 and 2023, from *** to * percent. A lower LTD ratio indicates a good degree of liquidity that allows banks to respond to customer requests for fund requirements.