
Manya Rathore
Research expert covering India
It is widely accepted that the world must transition to a net-zero emission economy to combat rising global temperatures and limit the worst impacts of climate change. One measure to achieve this goal that is gaining momentum around the world is carbon pricing. As of 2026, the number of carbon pricing mechanisms had grown to 87, with these instruments now covering roughly 28 percent of global GHG emissions. But with global emissions continuing to rise and carbon prices seen by many as too low to reduce emissions, will carbon pricing fulfill its potential?

Global GHG emissions 1990-2024, by sector
Annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide from 1990 to 2024, by sector (in million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent)

Greenhouse gas emissions worldwide 2024, by country
Largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions worldwide in 2024, by country (in billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent)

Global emissions trading system key indicators 2026
Key indicators of emissions trading systems (ETS) worldwide as of 2026

Largest carbon trading markets by scope 2026
Emissions covered by selected emissions trading systems (ETS) worldwide as of 2026 (in million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent)

Prices of carbon trading worldwide 2025, by jurisdiction
Carbon trading prices covered by Emission Trading Systems (ETS) in selected jurisdictions worldwide as of April 2025 (in U.S. dollars per metric ton of COâ‚‚ equivalent)

Carbon pricing mechanisms in operation worldwide 1990-2026, by type
Number of carbon pricing mechanisms in operation worldwide from 1990 to 2026, by type

Carbon pricing mechanisms in operation worldwide 2026, by type
Number of carbon pricing mechanisms in operation worldwide as of 2026, by type

Share of global GHG emissions covered by carbon pricing instruments 2005-2025
Share of annual greenhouse gas emissions worldwide covered by carbon pricing instruments from 2005 to 2025

Share of global GHG emissions covered by ETS 2005-2026
Share of annual global greenhouse gas emissions under an emissions trading system (ETS) from 2005 to 2026

Share of jurisdiction's GHG emissions covered by ETS 2026
Estimated share of selected jurisdiction's greenhouse gas emissions covered by emissions trading systems (ETS) as of 2026

Share of select jurisdiction's GHG emissions covered by carbon taxes 2026
Estimated share of greenhouse gas emissions covered by carbon taxes in selected jurisdictions worldwide as of 2026

Global average annual ETS carbon prices 2005-2025
Emissions-weighted carbon price in emissions trading systems worldwide from 2005 to 2025 (in U.S. dollars per metric ton of COâ‚‚ equivalent)

Global emissions-weighted carbon tax prices 1990-2025
Emissions-weighted average carbon price of emissions covered by a carbon tax worldwide from 1990 to 2025 (in U.S. dollars per metric ton of COâ‚‚ equivalent)

Prices of implemented carbon taxes worldwide 2026 by jurisdiction
Carbon tax rates in selected jurisdictions worldwide as of April 2026 (in U.S. dollars per metric ton of COâ‚‚ equivalent)

RGGI carbon allowance auction prices 2012-2026
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) carbon dioxide allowance auction clearing prices from 2012 to 2026 (in U.S. dollars per metric ton)

UK ETS carbon pricing in the United Kingdom 2023-2025
United Kingdom Emission Trading System (UK ETS) allowance (UKA) futures pricing from February 2023 to October 2025 (in GBP per metric ton of carbon dioxide)

Average annual EU-ETS emissions allowance prices 2020-2025
Annual average price of European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) allowances from 2020 to 2025 (in euros)

Carbon prices trends in China 2014-2025, by instrument
Carbon prices for emissions trading systems (ETS) in China from 2014 to 2025 (in U.S. dollars per metric ton of carbon dioxide equivalent)

Average price of voluntary carbon market credits worldwide 2023-2024
Average price of voluntary carbon market (VCM) credits worldwide from 2023 to 2024 (in U.S. dollars per metric ton of carbon dioxide equivalents)

Global revenue from carbon pricing 2005-2025
Total annual revenues from carbon taxes and Emission Trading Systems (ETS) worldwide from 2005 to 2025 (in billion U.S. dollars)

Global carbon tax revenues 2025, by country
Revenues generated by carbon taxes worldwide in 2025, by select jurisdiction (in billion U.S. dollars)

Global Emission Trading Systems (ETS) revenues 2025, by jurisdiction
Revenue generated by Emission Trading Systems (ETS) worldwide in 2025, by jurisdiction (in billion U.S. dollars)

European Union Emission Trading Systems (ETS) auction revenues 2024, by country
Auctioning revenues generated under the European Union Emission Trading System (EU-ETS) in 2024, by country (in million euros)

EU-ETS carbon price forecasts 2024-2035
Forecast European Union Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS) average carbon allowance prices from 2024 to 2035 (in euros per metric ton of COâ‚‚ equivalent)

Forecast carbon offset prices worldwide 2030-2050, by scenario
Forecast voluntary carbon offset (VCO) prices worldwide in 2030 and 2050, by scenario (in U.S. dollars per ton of carbon dioxide)
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