Lifecycle emissions of domestic coal and natural gas use in the United States compared with LNG exports as of 2023, by scenario
(in grams of carbon dioxide equivalent per megajoule)
Characteristic
Emissions in g COâ‚‚e/MJ
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Full lifecycle greenhouse gas footprint for coal and natural gas compared to four scenarios where LNG is transported by tankers that either burn LNG or heavy fuel oil for long or short voyages. Methane emissions are converted to carbon dioxide equivalents using GWP20.
Citation formats
GHG footprint for coal and natural gas compared to LNG exports in the U.S. 2023
Liquid natural gas (LNG) is often referred to as a bridging fuel that will support the global clean energy transition. However, estimates show that the life-cycle emissions from U.S. LNG exports may be greater than coal's. While lifecycle emissions of coal used domestically in the U.S. are around *** g COâ‚‚e/MJ, the total emissions of LNG imported from the U.S. on a short journey, powered by LNG is *** g COâ‚‚e/MJ. This is roughly ** percent higher than coal's climate footprint. Meanwhile, the total emissions for LNG exported on long journeys powered by heavy fuel oil is even higher, at more than *** g COâ‚‚e/MJ. With shipments of more than 100 billion cubic meters in 2022, the U.S. is one of the world's largest exporters of LNG.
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Canary Media. (January 28, 2024). Lifecycle emissions of domestic coal and natural gas use in the United States compared with LNG exports as of 2023, by scenario (in grams of carbon dioxide equivalent per megajoule) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 24, 2026, from /statistics/1447503/us-lng-export-climate-footprint-by-scenario/
Canary Media. "Lifecycle emissions of domestic coal and natural gas use in the United States compared with LNG exports as of 2023, by scenario (in grams of carbon dioxide equivalent per megajoule)." Chart. January 28, 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 24, 2026. /statistics/1447503/us-lng-export-climate-footprint-by-scenario/
Canary Media. (2024). Lifecycle emissions of domestic coal and natural gas use in the United States compared with LNG exports as of 2023, by scenario (in grams of carbon dioxide equivalent per megajoule). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 24, 2026. /statistics/1447503/us-lng-export-climate-footprint-by-scenario/
Canary Media. "Lifecycle Emissions of Domestic Coal and Natural Gas Use in The United States Compared with Lng Exports as of 2023, by Scenario (in Grams of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent per Megajoule)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 28 Jan 2024, /statistics/1447503/us-lng-export-climate-footprint-by-scenario/
Canary Media, Lifecycle emissions of domestic coal and natural gas use in the United States compared with LNG exports as of 2023, by scenario (in grams of carbon dioxide equivalent per megajoule) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1447503/us-lng-export-climate-footprint-by-scenario/ (last visited July 24, 2026)
Lifecycle emissions of domestic coal and natural gas use in the United States compared with LNG exports as of 2023, by scenario (in grams of carbon dioxide equivalent per megajoule) [Graph], Canary Media, January 28, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1447503/us-lng-export-climate-footprint-by-scenario/
