Total emissions include direct production-linked operational emissions (Scope 1) and emissions from the combustion of market products (Scope 3 category 11: Use of Sold Products).
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Cumulative GHG emissions of state-owned companies worldwide 1854-2023
Saudi Aramco was the state-owned entity with the highest cumulative GHG emissions between 1854 and 2023, with more than ** billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCOâ‚‚e) produced between these years. The Russian state-owned gas company Gazprom followed, having emitted more than ** GtCOâ‚‚e. Combined, these ** state-owned entities have released more than *** GtCOâ‚‚e into the atmosphere since 1854.Â
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CarbonMajors. (March 4, 2025). Cumulative GHG emissions of state-owned companies worldwide from 1854 to 2023 (in million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 29, 2026, from /statistics/1463270/cumulative-ghg-state-owned-companies-worldwide/
CarbonMajors. "Cumulative GHG emissions of state-owned companies worldwide from 1854 to 2023 (in million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent)." Chart. March 4, 2025. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 29, 2026. /statistics/1463270/cumulative-ghg-state-owned-companies-worldwide/
CarbonMajors. (2025). Cumulative GHG emissions of state-owned companies worldwide from 1854 to 2023 (in million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 29, 2026. /statistics/1463270/cumulative-ghg-state-owned-companies-worldwide/
CarbonMajors. "Cumulative Ghg Emissions of State-owned Companies Worldwide from 1854 to 2023 (in Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 4 Mar 2025, /statistics/1463270/cumulative-ghg-state-owned-companies-worldwide/
CarbonMajors, Cumulative GHG emissions of state-owned companies worldwide from 1854 to 2023 (in million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1463270/cumulative-ghg-state-owned-companies-worldwide/ (last visited July 29, 2026)
Cumulative GHG emissions of state-owned companies worldwide from 1854 to 2023 (in million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent) [Graph], CarbonMajors, March 4, 2025. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1463270/cumulative-ghg-state-owned-companies-worldwide/
