Question was worded in the source as: "In recent years e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products have been increasingly marketed in Europe. Do you think that they are harmful or not to the health of those who use them?"
Numbers may not sum to 100 due to rounding.
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Opinions on the effects of e-cigarettes on health in Europe 2020, by country
According to a survey conducted across Europe in 2020, ** percent of respondents in the Netherlands believed e-cigarettes were harmful to the health of people who use them, the highest share in Europe of people who believed these products were harmful. Over the whole EU and the UK, around of respondents thought e-cigarettes had a negative effect of health.
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European Commission. (February 1, 2021). Distribution of feelings towards the harmful effects of e-cigarettes on health in Europe as of 2020, by country [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved August 03, 2026, from /statistics/1312760/opinion-on-harmful-effects-of-e-cigarettes-in-europe-by-country/
European Commission. "Distribution of feelings towards the harmful effects of e-cigarettes on health in Europe as of 2020, by country." Chart. February 1, 2021. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed August 03, 2026. /statistics/1312760/opinion-on-harmful-effects-of-e-cigarettes-in-europe-by-country/
European Commission. (2021). Distribution of feelings towards the harmful effects of e-cigarettes on health in Europe as of 2020, by country. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: August 03, 2026. /statistics/1312760/opinion-on-harmful-effects-of-e-cigarettes-in-europe-by-country/
European Commission. "Distribution of Feelings towards The Harmful Effects of E-cigarettes on Health in Europe as of 2020, by Country." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 1 Feb 2021, /statistics/1312760/opinion-on-harmful-effects-of-e-cigarettes-in-europe-by-country/
European Commission, Distribution of feelings towards the harmful effects of e-cigarettes on health in Europe as of 2020, by country ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1312760/opinion-on-harmful-effects-of-e-cigarettes-in-europe-by-country/ (last visited August 03, 2026)
Distribution of feelings towards the harmful effects of e-cigarettes on health in Europe as of 2020, by country [Graph], European Commission, February 1, 2021. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1312760/opinion-on-harmful-effects-of-e-cigarettes-in-europe-by-country/
