Per capita research and development (R&D) spending in 2018 was highest in Northern America, amounting to U.S. dollars per person. This was more than double the * U.S. dollars spent per person in Europe, and over 100 times the U.S. dollars spent per person in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (March 17, 2022). Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (R&D) per capita in 2018, by region (in PPP U.S. dollars) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 20, 2026, from /statistics/1102513/per-capita-research-development-spending-region/
UNESCO Institute for Statistics. "Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (R&D) per capita in 2018, by region (in PPP U.S. dollars)." Chart. March 17, 2022. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 20, 2026. /statistics/1102513/per-capita-research-development-spending-region/
UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2022). Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (R&D) per capita in 2018, by region (in PPP U.S. dollars). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 20, 2026. /statistics/1102513/per-capita-research-development-spending-region/
UNESCO Institute for Statistics. "Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development (R&d) per Capita in 2018, by Region (in Ppp U.S. Dollars)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 17 Mar 2022, /statistics/1102513/per-capita-research-development-spending-region/
UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (R&D) per capita in 2018, by region (in PPP U.S. dollars) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1102513/per-capita-research-development-spending-region/ (last visited July 20, 2026)
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (R&D) per capita in 2018, by region (in PPP U.S. dollars) [Graph], UNESCO Institute for Statistics, March 17, 2022. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1102513/per-capita-research-development-spending-region/
