Worldwide, Israel was the country that spent the highest share of its gross domestic product (GDP) on research and development (R&D) in 2023. That year, they spent roughly percent of their GDP on R&D. South Korea followed in second with percent, whereas the United States spent the third-highest share of its GDP.
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UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (May 29, 2026). Share of gross domestic product spent on research and development (R&D) worldwide in 2023,by country [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. Retrieved August 01, 2026, from /statistics/732224/worldwide-research-and-development-distribution-of-investment/
UNESCO Institute for Statistics. "Share of gross domestic product spent on research and development (R&D) worldwide in 2023,by country." Chart. May 29, 2026. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. Accessed August 01, 2026. /statistics/732224/worldwide-research-and-development-distribution-of-investment/
UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2026). Share of gross domestic product spent on research and development (R&D) worldwide in 2023,by country. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ Inc.. Accessed: August 01, 2026. /statistics/732224/worldwide-research-and-development-distribution-of-investment/
UNESCO Institute for Statistics. "Share of Gross Domestic Product Spent on Research and Development (R&d) Worldwide in 2023,by Country." ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ Inc., 29 May 2026, /statistics/732224/worldwide-research-and-development-distribution-of-investment/
UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Share of gross domestic product spent on research and development (R&D) worldwide in 2023,by country ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ, /statistics/732224/worldwide-research-and-development-distribution-of-investment/ (last visited August 01, 2026)
Share of gross domestic product spent on research and development (R&D) worldwide in 2023,by country [Graph], UNESCO Institute for Statistics, May 29, 2026. [Online]. Available: /statistics/732224/worldwide-research-and-development-distribution-of-investment/