Figures for mainland Chinese cities have been taken from the Guangdong Statistical Yearbook 2024, chapter 19.21.
The figure for Hong Kong has been taken from the Hong Kong Annual Digest of Statistics, table 7.1, and converted to Chinese yuan based on the average annual exchange rate.
The figure for Macao has been taken from Worldbank data and converted to Chinese yuan based on the average annual exchange rate.
One yuan equals approximately 0.14 U.S. dollars and 0.13 euros (as of January 2025).
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R&D spending in the GBA in Greater China 2022, by city
The Chinese government is dedicated to developing the Guangdong - Hong Kong - Macao Grater Bay Area into a leading technological hub in Asia. In 2022, internal expenditure on research and development (R&D) in Shenzhen alone reached * billion yuan.
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ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. (December 18, 2024). Internal expenditure on research and development (R&D) in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in 2022, by city (in billion yuan) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 31, 2026, from /statistics/1330100/internal-research-and-development-expenditure-in-gba-in-china-by-city/
ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. "Internal expenditure on research and development (R&D) in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in 2022, by city (in billion yuan)." Chart. December 18, 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 31, 2026. /statistics/1330100/internal-research-and-development-expenditure-in-gba-in-china-by-city/
ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. (2024). Internal expenditure on research and development (R&D) in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in 2022, by city (in billion yuan). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 31, 2026. /statistics/1330100/internal-research-and-development-expenditure-in-gba-in-china-by-city/
ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. "Internal Expenditure on Research and Development (R&d) in The Guangdong-hong Kong-macao Greater Bay Area in 2022, by City (in Billion Yuan)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 18 Dec 2024, /statistics/1330100/internal-research-and-development-expenditure-in-gba-in-china-by-city/
ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, Internal expenditure on research and development (R&D) in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in 2022, by city (in billion yuan) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1330100/internal-research-and-development-expenditure-in-gba-in-china-by-city/ (last visited July 31, 2026)
Internal expenditure on research and development (R&D) in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in 2022, by city (in billion yuan) [Graph], ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, December 18, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1330100/internal-research-and-development-expenditure-in-gba-in-china-by-city/
