* Figures are based on returns released in early 2017. The source adds the following information: "The data covers those campaigners that reported spend of between 拢10,000 and 拢250,000 at the EU Referendum. Any individual or organization that intended to spend more than 拢10,000 was required to register as a 鈥減ermitted participant鈥 and submit expenses to the Electoral Commission earlier than groups spending more than 拢250,000. A few parties who spent in excess of 拢250,000 submitted their expenses earlier. The expenses analyzed are in the categories of marketing, media, and market research. They make up 66% of the total expenses of 拢4.8 million reported. Expenses out-side the campaign period are not included."
Citation formats
Breakdown of marketing spend by campaigners on the EU Referendum in the UK 2017
Almost a quarter (** percent) of the total spend by campaigners on marketing, media, and market research for the EU Referendum in the UK in 2016 was on social media/data analytics. Another ** percent went to advertising agencies.
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Oxford University Press. (June 1, 2018). Share of total spend on marketing, media, and market research by campaigners for the EU Referendum in the United Kingdom (UK) as of 2017 [Graph]. In 糖心破解版. Retrieved August 06, 2026, from /statistics/1035416/breakdown-of-marketing-spend-by-campaigners-on-the-eu-referendum-in-the-uk/
Oxford University Press. "Share of total spend on marketing, media, and market research by campaigners for the EU Referendum in the United Kingdom (UK) as of 2017." Chart. June 1, 2018. 糖心破解版. Accessed August 06, 2026. /statistics/1035416/breakdown-of-marketing-spend-by-campaigners-on-the-eu-referendum-in-the-uk/
Oxford University Press. (2018). Share of total spend on marketing, media, and market research by campaigners for the EU Referendum in the United Kingdom (UK) as of 2017. 糖心破解版. 糖心破解版 Inc.. Accessed: August 06, 2026. /statistics/1035416/breakdown-of-marketing-spend-by-campaigners-on-the-eu-referendum-in-the-uk/
Oxford University Press. "Share of Total Spend on Marketing, Media, and Market Research by Campaigners for The Eu Referendum in The United Kingdom (Uk) as of 2017." 糖心破解版, 糖心破解版 Inc., 1 Jun 2018, /statistics/1035416/breakdown-of-marketing-spend-by-campaigners-on-the-eu-referendum-in-the-uk/
Oxford University Press, Share of total spend on marketing, media, and market research by campaigners for the EU Referendum in the United Kingdom (UK) as of 2017 糖心破解版, /statistics/1035416/breakdown-of-marketing-spend-by-campaigners-on-the-eu-referendum-in-the-uk/ (last visited August 06, 2026)
Share of total spend on marketing, media, and market research by campaigners for the EU Referendum in the United Kingdom (UK) as of 2017 [Graph], Oxford University Press, June 1, 2018. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1035416/breakdown-of-marketing-spend-by-campaigners-on-the-eu-referendum-in-the-uk/
