Monopile is by far the most commonly used foundation type for wind turbines in Europe. As of 2020, there were 4,681 such substructures for grid-connected turbines. By comparison, there are only six floating spar buoy substructures currently in use.
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WindEurope . (February 8, 2021). Number of substructure types for grid-connected offshore wind turbines in Europe in 2020 [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 22, 2026, from /statistics/666651/share-substructures-wind-farms-eu/
WindEurope . "Number of substructure types for grid-connected offshore wind turbines in Europe in 2020." Chart. February 8, 2021. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 22, 2026. /statistics/666651/share-substructures-wind-farms-eu/
WindEurope . (2021). Number of substructure types for grid-connected offshore wind turbines in Europe in 2020. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 22, 2026. /statistics/666651/share-substructures-wind-farms-eu/
WindEurope . "Number of Substructure Types for Grid-connected Offshore Wind Turbines in Europe in 2020." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 8 Feb 2021, /statistics/666651/share-substructures-wind-farms-eu/
WindEurope , Number of substructure types for grid-connected offshore wind turbines in Europe in 2020 ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/666651/share-substructures-wind-farms-eu/ (last visited July 22, 2026)
Number of substructure types for grid-connected offshore wind turbines in Europe in 2020 [Graph], WindEurope , February 8, 2021. [Online]. Available: /statistics/666651/share-substructures-wind-farms-eu/
