A recent analysis on the impact of Brexit suggests that in 2023, the United Kingdom's economy was *** percent smaller than it would have been in a base scenario where the UK never left the EU. The estimated hit to the UK's gross domestic product (GDP) increases to percent in 2024, and to *** percent by 2025 in this forecast.Â
UK growth cut at start of turbulent 2025
After growing by *** percent in 2024, the UK economy is expected to grow by *** percent in 2025, down from an earlier forecast of *** percent. As of 2025, the UK economy is approximately *** percent larger than it was just before the COVID-19 pandemic five years earlier, which delivered a sudden and severe economic shock to the country. While the initial bounce back from this collapse was robust, the recovery slowed by the end of 2020, and it wasn't until late 2021 that the economy returned to its pre-pandemic size. Throughout 2022 and 2023, the economy continued to struggle, and even experienced a recession at the end of 2023.Â
How voters feel about Brexit in 2025
Since the middle of 2021, a growing majority of voters in Britain have advised that they think Brexit was the wrong decision. As of January 2025, around ** percent thought it was wrong to leave the EU, compared with just ** percent in April 2021. By comparison, the share of Britons who think Brexit was the right decision has fallen from ** percent to ** percent in the same time period. Voters are, however, still quite divided on what relationship they want with the EU, with only ** percent supporting rejoining completely. Furthermore, Brexit has fallen behind other issues for voters such as the economy, the NHS, and immigration and the issue played a much smaller role in the 2024 election than it did in 2019. ÌýÌý
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NIESR. (November 16, 2023). Forecasted effects of Brexit on real gross domestic product in the United Kingdom from 2016 to 2035 [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. Retrieved July 28, 2026, from /statistics/567983/effect-of-brexit-on-gdp-in-the-uk/
NIESR. "Forecasted effects of Brexit on real gross domestic product in the United Kingdom from 2016 to 2035." Chart. November 16, 2023. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. Accessed July 28, 2026. /statistics/567983/effect-of-brexit-on-gdp-in-the-uk/
NIESR. (2023). Forecasted effects of Brexit on real gross domestic product in the United Kingdom from 2016 to 2035. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 28, 2026. /statistics/567983/effect-of-brexit-on-gdp-in-the-uk/
NIESR. "Forecasted Effects of Brexit on Real Gross Domestic Product in The United Kingdom from 2016 to 2035." ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ Inc., 16 Nov 2023, /statistics/567983/effect-of-brexit-on-gdp-in-the-uk/
NIESR, Forecasted effects of Brexit on real gross domestic product in the United Kingdom from 2016 to 2035 ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ, /statistics/567983/effect-of-brexit-on-gdp-in-the-uk/ (last visited July 28, 2026)
Forecasted effects of Brexit on real gross domestic product in the United Kingdom from 2016 to 2035 [Graph], NIESR, November 16, 2023. [Online]. Available: /statistics/567983/effect-of-brexit-on-gdp-in-the-uk/