Bondholders accounted for ** percent of Africa's external debt in 2019, constituting the leading creditor to the continent. China followed, with a share of ** percent of Africa's total external debt stock. That same year, external debt in Sub-Saharan Africa reached *** million U.S. dollars.
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AfDB. (March 12, 2021). Leading creditors to African economies in 2019 [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 30, 2026, from /statistics/1224067/leading-creditors-to-african-economies/
AfDB. "Leading creditors to African economies in 2019." Chart. March 12, 2021. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 30, 2026. /statistics/1224067/leading-creditors-to-african-economies/
AfDB. (2021). Leading creditors to African economies in 2019. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 30, 2026. /statistics/1224067/leading-creditors-to-african-economies/
AfDB. "Leading Creditors to African Economies in 2019." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 12 Mar 2021, /statistics/1224067/leading-creditors-to-african-economies/
AfDB, Leading creditors to African economies in 2019 ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1224067/leading-creditors-to-african-economies/ (last visited July 30, 2026)
Leading creditors to African economies in 2019 [Graph], AfDB, March 12, 2021. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1224067/leading-creditors-to-african-economies/
