In 1789, on the eve of the Haitian (and French) Revolution, the French colony of St Domingue had an estimated population of 556 thousand people. Of these, 500 thousand are thought to have been African slaves (approximately half of the entire Caribbean's slave population at the time), while just over ten percent of the population were whites or free people of color. Following the Haitian Revolution's conclusion in 1804, Haiti would become just the second nation in the Americas to gain its independence, and was the first (and only) country in the world to have been established by former slaves.
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Encyclopædia Britannica. (March 9, 2020). Estimated population of the French colony of St Domingue (present-day Haiti) by ethnicity and slave status in 1789 [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 29, 2026, from /statistics/1070615/estimated-population-haiti-1789-by-slave-status-and-race/
Encyclopædia Britannica. "Estimated population of the French colony of St Domingue (present-day Haiti) by ethnicity and slave status in 1789." Chart. March 9, 2020. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 29, 2026. /statistics/1070615/estimated-population-haiti-1789-by-slave-status-and-race/
Encyclopædia Britannica. (2020). Estimated population of the French colony of St Domingue (present-day Haiti) by ethnicity and slave status in 1789. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 29, 2026. /statistics/1070615/estimated-population-haiti-1789-by-slave-status-and-race/
Encyclopædia Britannica. "Estimated Population of The French Colony of St Domingue (Present-day Haiti) by Ethnicity and Slave Status in 1789." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 9 Mar 2020, /statistics/1070615/estimated-population-haiti-1789-by-slave-status-and-race/
Encyclopædia Britannica, Estimated population of the French colony of St Domingue (present-day Haiti) by ethnicity and slave status in 1789 ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1070615/estimated-population-haiti-1789-by-slave-status-and-race/ (last visited July 29, 2026)
Estimated population of the French colony of St Domingue (present-day Haiti) by ethnicity and slave status in 1789 [Graph], Encyclopædia Britannica, March 9, 2020. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1070615/estimated-population-haiti-1789-by-slave-status-and-race/
