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In 1875, Brazil's crude birth rate was 43.4 births per thousand people, which meant that 4.3 percent of the population had been born in that year. It is estimated that the figures remained around this level until the middle of the twentieth century, ranging from 41.7 to 46.9 births per thousand people between 1875 and 1945. Brazil's birth rate was going into decline in the 1940s, however the global baby boom which followed the Second World War then brought the birth rate back up to 44 in the 1950s. From this point until today, Brazil's birth rate has fallen rapidly, and in 2020 it is just 14 births per thousand; less than a third of what it was sixty years ago. The decline in Brazil's infant and child mortality rates were the driving factors behind this trend, along with quality of life improvements, such as improvements in medicine, education, access to contraceptives, among other things.