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Throughout the second half of the 19^th century, Chile's annual crude birth rate fluctuated between 35 and 45 births per thousand people, meaning that approximately four percent of the population was born in each year. A variety of factors caused this fluctuation, such as political and economic instability, and intermittent epidemics. Chile's birth rate then jumped to 46 births per thousand people in the early 1900s, before the rate of decline then became more gradual. Apart from a brief increase during the global baby boom that followed the Second World War, Chile's birth rate has fallen consistently in each five-year period since then (although it did stagnate in the 1980s). In 2020, it is estimated that Chile has a crude birth rate of 12.5 births per thousand people.