Primary energy global demand by source 2050| ��ƽ��

Primary energy demand worldwide in 2024, with a forecast until 2050, by fuel type (in million barrels of oil equivalent per day)

Characteristic	Oil	Coal	Gas	Biomass	Nuclear	Hydro	Other renewables
2024	94.3	81.8	70	29	14.9	7.8	10.6
2030*	103	77.5	76.1	31.3	16.9	8.6	19.1
2035	107.4	71.5	80.7	33.2	18.8	9.3	27.1
2040	109.5	64.8	84.6	34.8	20.8	9.9	34.9
2045	111	58	87.6	35.8	22.9	10.7	42.8
2050	112.4	51.4	89.7	36.6	24.9	11.6	51.1

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Release date

2025

More information

Region

Worldwide

Survey time period

2024

Special properties

*Forecast from this year onwards

Supplementary notes

Demand reference scenario.

Release date set as date of last access.

Citation formats

Primary energy consumption is forecast to reach roughly 369 million barrels of oil equivalent per day by 2045. Oil and gas are expected to maintain their dominant role in the global energy sector, with a contribution of approximately 110 and 90 million barrels of oil equivalent per day, respectively.

Which country consumes the most energy?

Since the beginning of the 21st century, there has been a general upward trend in the usage of primary energy. In 2024, approximately 592 exajoules of primary energy were consumed globally. China was the leading primary energy consumer in the world, consuming around 176 exajoules, while the United States came in second position.

Fossil fuels' ongoing dependence

Global primary energy consumption is dominated by fossil fuels, despite a steady shift toward sustainable alternatives. Although the share of fossil fuels in the energy mix has been decreasing, renewable energy is still not sufficient to meet the current and future energy demand.