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China required the most energy to meet its final end use demand, having a demand of some 162.19 exajoules in 2025. This was significantly higher than in the United States, which ranked second. The majority of primary energy fuels worldwide are still derived from fossil fuels, such as oil and coal. The total energy supply (TES) is a measure of the total amount of energy that a country needs to supply to meet its final end use demand.

China's energy mix

China’s primary energy mix has shifted from a dominant use of coal to an increase in natural gas and renewable sources. Since 2013, the renewables share in total energy consumption has grown by around eight percentage points. Overall, global primary energy consumption has increased over the last decade, and it is expected to experience the largest growth in emerging economies like the BRIC countries - Brazil, Russia, India, and China. 

What is primary energy?

Primary energy is the energy inherent in natural resources such as crude oil, coal, and wind before further transformation. For example, crude oil can be refined into secondary fuels, such as gasoline or diesel, while wind is harnessed for electricity - itself a secondary energy source. A country’s total primary energy supply is a measure of the country’s primary energy sources. Meanwhile, end-use energy is the energy directly consumed by the user and includes primary fuels such as natural gas, as well as secondary sources, like electricity and gasoline.