| Characteristic | Exposure in µg per cubic meter per day |
|---|---|
| Italy | 5,759.8 |
| Slovenia | 5,527.7 |
| Slovakia | 5,249.8 |
| Spain | 5,019.3 |
| Austria | 4,678.7 |
| Portugal | 4,326.5 |
| Hungary | 4,267.8 |
| Czech Republic | 3,848.2 |
| France | 3,788.2 |
| Bulgaria | 3,567.4 |
| EU (28 countries) | 3,372.8 |
| Germany | 3,148.6 |
| Latvia | 3,116.5 |
| Poland | 3,062.3 |
| Denmark | 2,750.1 |
| Lithuania | 2,478.2 |
| Estonia | 2,447.9 |
| Belgium | 2,299.3 |
| Netherlands | 2,131.7 |
| Sweden | 1,864.2 |
| Finland | 1,751.7 |
| Luxembourg | 1,544.5 |
| Ireland | 1,386.3 |
| United Kingdom | 1,087.3 |
| Romania | 573.9 |
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July 2016
EU
2013
The source does not provide figures for Greece, Croatia, Malta, and Cyprus.
The source adds the following information: "The indicator shows the population-weighted ozone concentration to which the urban population is potentially exposed. The main measure for assessing the effects of ozone on human health, according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (*), is the daily maximum 8-hour average. The effects of ozone should be evaluated over a full year. Currently, there is not enough evidence to determine a level below which ozone has no effect on mortality. However, for practical reasons, it is recommended to consider an exposure parameter that is the sum of exceedances of the daily maximum 8-hour average set at 70 µg/m3 (35 ppb), calculated for all days of a year. This exposure parameter is called SOMO35 (sum of the mean above 35) and is widely used in impact assessments, including in the CAFE (Clean Air For Europe) program that led to the Commission Communication concerning the thematic strategy on air pollution.
In 1996, the Environment Council adopted Framework Directive 96/62/EC concerning the assessment and management of ambient air quality. The third daughter directive (2002/3/EC) relating to ozone was adopted on February 12, 2002, with a long-term objective of 120 micrograms of ozone per cubic meter as the daily maximum 8-hour average in a calendar year. Annual reports must be prepared in accordance with Commission Decision 2004/224/EC of February 20, 2004, establishing the modalities for transmitting information on plans or programs required by Council Directive 96/62/EC concerning limit values for certain pollutants in ambient air. More recently, Directive 2008/50/EC established a framework to define and set objectives for ambient air quality and to harmonize methods and criteria among Member States.
(*) UNECE-WHO (2004) Synthesis report presented by the Joint Task Force on Health Aspects of Air Pollution of the European Centre for Environment and Health of the World Health Organization and the Executive Body, EB.AIR/WG.1/2004/11."
