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This chart shows the evolution of the average annual concentrations for the pollutants NO2, O3, PM10, and PM2.5 in cities in France between 2000 and 2023, indexed to 100 based on concentrations in 2000. While the concentration of O3 in the air of French cities remains stable over the studied period, the concentrations of NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 are decreasing.

PM10 and PM2.5 are fine particles smaller than a certain diameter. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) forms in the atmosphere from nitric oxide (NO), which is emitted by diesel and gasoline cars. Finally, O3 is ozone that forms from air pollution. All these gases are toxic to humans.