The highest internal expenditure on research and development in Poland was incurred on engineering and technical sciences, amounting to billion zloty in 2023.
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Central Statistical Office of Poland. (December 30, 2024). Internal expenditure on research and development (R&D) in Poland in 2023, by R&D field (in 1,0000 zloty) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 26, 2026, from /statistics/1624865/poland-internal-expenditure-on-randd-by-field/
Central Statistical Office of Poland. "Internal expenditure on research and development (R&D) in Poland in 2023, by R&D field (in 1,0000 zloty)." Chart. December 30, 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 26, 2026. /statistics/1624865/poland-internal-expenditure-on-randd-by-field/
Central Statistical Office of Poland. (2024). Internal expenditure on research and development (R&D) in Poland in 2023, by R&D field (in 1,0000 zloty). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 26, 2026. /statistics/1624865/poland-internal-expenditure-on-randd-by-field/
Central Statistical Office of Poland. "Internal Expenditure on Research and Development (R&d) in Poland in 2023, by R&d Field (in 1,0000 Zloty)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 30 Dec 2024, /statistics/1624865/poland-internal-expenditure-on-randd-by-field/
Central Statistical Office of Poland, Internal expenditure on research and development (R&D) in Poland in 2023, by R&D field (in 1,0000 zloty) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1624865/poland-internal-expenditure-on-randd-by-field/ (last visited July 26, 2026)
Internal expenditure on research and development (R&D) in Poland in 2023, by R&D field (in 1,0000 zloty) [Graph], Central Statistical Office of Poland, December 30, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1624865/poland-internal-expenditure-on-randd-by-field/
