As defined by the European Central Bank, MFIs include deposit-taking corporations (credit institutions; financial intermediaries; electronic money institutions) and money market funds.
The sum of the figures may not reach 100 percent, probably due to rounding by the source.Â
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Italian government debt holders distribution 2010-2024
During the first half of the , the Italian government debt has been almost totally owned by private investors, such as banks and financial intermediaries. Most notably, more than **** of the national debt was held by foreign investors. After the 2011 Eurozone crisis, the European Central Bank started to purchase government bonds through a quantitative easing measure. Hence, the share of Italian debt owned by the Bank of Italy increased from less than **** percent in 2010 to ** percent in 2024.
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Banca d'Italia. (February 14, 2025). Distribution of holders of Italian government debt as from 2010 to 2024 [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 28, 2026, from /statistics/1567067/italy-holders-of-public-debt-timeline/
Banca d'Italia. "Distribution of holders of Italian government debt as from 2010 to 2024." Chart. February 14, 2025. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 28, 2026. /statistics/1567067/italy-holders-of-public-debt-timeline/
Banca d'Italia. (2025). Distribution of holders of Italian government debt as from 2010 to 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 28, 2026. /statistics/1567067/italy-holders-of-public-debt-timeline/
Banca d'Italia. "Distribution of Holders of Italian Government Debt as from 2010 to 2024." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 14 Feb 2025, /statistics/1567067/italy-holders-of-public-debt-timeline/
Banca d'Italia, Distribution of holders of Italian government debt as from 2010 to 2024 ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1567067/italy-holders-of-public-debt-timeline/ (last visited July 28, 2026)
Distribution of holders of Italian government debt as from 2010 to 2024 [Graph], Banca d'Italia, February 14, 2025. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1567067/italy-holders-of-public-debt-timeline/
