As defined by the European Central Bank, MFIs include deposit-taking corporations (credit institutions; financial intermediaries; electronic money institutions) and money market funds.
The sum of the figures may not reach 100 percent, probably due to rounding by the source.Â
At the end of 2024, foreign investors owned around a third of the total Italian debt, while the central bank held around 22 percent. Private banks and financial intermediaries owned another 21 percent of the total national debt.Â
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Banca d'Italia. (February 14, 2025). Distribution of holders of Italian government debt as of November 2024 [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 26, 2026, from /statistics/1566061/italy-holders-of-public-debt/
Banca d'Italia. "Distribution of holders of Italian government debt as of November 2024." Chart. February 14, 2025. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 26, 2026. /statistics/1566061/italy-holders-of-public-debt/
Banca d'Italia. (2025). Distribution of holders of Italian government debt as of November 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 26, 2026. /statistics/1566061/italy-holders-of-public-debt/
Banca d'Italia. "Distribution of Holders of Italian Government Debt as of November 2024." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 14 Feb 2025, /statistics/1566061/italy-holders-of-public-debt/
Banca d'Italia, Distribution of holders of Italian government debt as of November 2024 ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1566061/italy-holders-of-public-debt/ (last visited July 26, 2026)
Distribution of holders of Italian government debt as of November 2024 [Graph], Banca d'Italia, February 14, 2025. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1566061/italy-holders-of-public-debt/
