While graphite makes up ** percent of the anodes of commercial lithium-ion batteries, the composition of their cathodes varies largely between battery types. NCA and NMC batteries can contain up to ** percent nickel, as well as relevant amounts of cobalt, both mined critical metals. By comparison, LFP batteries do not contain critical materials except for lithium. In 2023, most electric vehicle batteries worldwide had NMC or NCA chemistry.
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International Graphite. (November 6, 2024). Distribution of critical materials in lithium-ion batteries worldwide in 2023, by anode and cathode chemistry [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 27, 2026, from /statistics/1552961/lithium-ion-battery-materials-by-chemistry-globally/
International Graphite. "Distribution of critical materials in lithium-ion batteries worldwide in 2023, by anode and cathode chemistry." Chart. November 6, 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 27, 2026. /statistics/1552961/lithium-ion-battery-materials-by-chemistry-globally/
International Graphite. (2024). Distribution of critical materials in lithium-ion batteries worldwide in 2023, by anode and cathode chemistry. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 27, 2026. /statistics/1552961/lithium-ion-battery-materials-by-chemistry-globally/
International Graphite. "Distribution of Critical Materials in Lithium-ion Batteries Worldwide in 2023, by Anode and Cathode Chemistry." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 6 Nov 2024, /statistics/1552961/lithium-ion-battery-materials-by-chemistry-globally/
International Graphite, Distribution of critical materials in lithium-ion batteries worldwide in 2023, by anode and cathode chemistry ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1552961/lithium-ion-battery-materials-by-chemistry-globally/ (last visited July 27, 2026)
Distribution of critical materials in lithium-ion batteries worldwide in 2023, by anode and cathode chemistry [Graph], International Graphite, November 6, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1552961/lithium-ion-battery-materials-by-chemistry-globally/
