In 2023, the national expenditure on civilian research and development in Israel was **** billion Israeli shekels, which is equivalent to around **** billion U.S. dollars. This shows a decline of *** percent compared to the preceding year. In general, this was the first drop in the Israeli national expenditure on civilian research and development since 2008.
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Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. (October 7, 2024). Total national expenditure on civilian research and development in Israel from 1996 to 2023 (in billion Israeli shekels) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved August 01, 2026, from /statistics/1549419/national-expenditure-on-civilian-research-and-development-in-israel/
Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. "Total national expenditure on civilian research and development in Israel from 1996 to 2023 (in billion Israeli shekels)." Chart. October 7, 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed August 01, 2026. /statistics/1549419/national-expenditure-on-civilian-research-and-development-in-israel/
Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. (2024). Total national expenditure on civilian research and development in Israel from 1996 to 2023 (in billion Israeli shekels). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: August 01, 2026. /statistics/1549419/national-expenditure-on-civilian-research-and-development-in-israel/
Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. "Total National Expenditure on Civilian Research and Development in Israel from 1996 to 2023 (in Billion Israeli Shekels)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 7 Oct 2024, /statistics/1549419/national-expenditure-on-civilian-research-and-development-in-israel/
Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Total national expenditure on civilian research and development in Israel from 1996 to 2023 (in billion Israeli shekels) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1549419/national-expenditure-on-civilian-research-and-development-in-israel/ (last visited August 01, 2026)
Total national expenditure on civilian research and development in Israel from 1996 to 2023 (in billion Israeli shekels) [Graph], Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, October 7, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1549419/national-expenditure-on-civilian-research-and-development-in-israel/
