The general government of Turkey recorded the highest net borrowing to GDP ratio in 2023, totaling nearly five percent. Throughout the observed period, Turkish government lent out only between 2013 and 2015, which included a range of 0.2 to 0.5 percent of its GDP.
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TurkStat. (October 11, 2024). Net lending or borrowing of general government as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) in Turkey from 2009 to 2023 [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 27, 2026, from /statistics/1498471/turkey-government-net-lending-borrowing-share-in-gdp/
TurkStat. "Net lending or borrowing of general government as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) in Turkey from 2009 to 2023." Chart. October 11, 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 27, 2026. /statistics/1498471/turkey-government-net-lending-borrowing-share-in-gdp/
TurkStat. (2024). Net lending or borrowing of general government as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) in Turkey from 2009 to 2023. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 27, 2026. /statistics/1498471/turkey-government-net-lending-borrowing-share-in-gdp/
TurkStat. "Net Lending or Borrowing of General Government as a Percentage of Gross Domestic Product (Gdp) in Turkey from 2009 to 2023." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 11 Oct 2024, /statistics/1498471/turkey-government-net-lending-borrowing-share-in-gdp/
TurkStat, Net lending or borrowing of general government as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) in Turkey from 2009 to 2023 ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1498471/turkey-government-net-lending-borrowing-share-in-gdp/ (last visited July 27, 2026)
Net lending or borrowing of general government as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) in Turkey from 2009 to 2023 [Graph], TurkStat, October 11, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1498471/turkey-government-net-lending-borrowing-share-in-gdp/
