Of all the 27 member states of the European Union, only **** countries reached the spending target of two percent set by NATO and the European Defense Agency in 2023. Of these, *** share a direct border with Russia, and there have been increasing tensions with their larger neighbor after the invasion of Ukraine in 2023. Italy, that has the largest army in the EU, spent only *** percent of GDP on defense, while Germany, the most populated EU country, only invested *** percent of GDP in defense.
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Eurostat. (March 22, 2025). Total defense expenditure as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) in the European Union in 2023, by member state [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 28, 2026, from /statistics/1393832/eu-military-defense-expenditure-share-gdp-member-state/
Eurostat. "Total defense expenditure as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) in the European Union in 2023, by member state." Chart. March 22, 2025. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 28, 2026. /statistics/1393832/eu-military-defense-expenditure-share-gdp-member-state/
Eurostat. (2025). Total defense expenditure as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) in the European Union in 2023, by member state. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 28, 2026. /statistics/1393832/eu-military-defense-expenditure-share-gdp-member-state/
Eurostat. "Total Defense Expenditure as a Share of Gross Domestic Product (Gdp) in The European Union in 2023, by Member State." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 22 Mar 2025, /statistics/1393832/eu-military-defense-expenditure-share-gdp-member-state/
Eurostat, Total defense expenditure as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) in the European Union in 2023, by member state ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1393832/eu-military-defense-expenditure-share-gdp-member-state/ (last visited July 28, 2026)
Total defense expenditure as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) in the European Union in 2023, by member state [Graph], Eurostat, March 22, 2025. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1393832/eu-military-defense-expenditure-share-gdp-member-state/
