Bulgaria, Lithuania, Estonia, and Cyprus were the EU members that only bought coal from Russia in 2019. Furthermore, Romania and Croatia were heavily dependent on Russian coal, where it accounted for at least 90 percent of the total imports. In Luxembourg, Portugal, Ireland, and Slovenia, the share of hard coal imports from Russia was noticeably lower, calculated below 10 percent.
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The Polish Economic Institute. (April 7, 2022). Share of Russia in hard coal imports in the European Union (EU) in 2019, by country [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 28, 2026, from /statistics/1302360/russian-coal-dependency-in-the-eu-by-country/
The Polish Economic Institute. "Share of Russia in hard coal imports in the European Union (EU) in 2019, by country." Chart. April 7, 2022. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 28, 2026. /statistics/1302360/russian-coal-dependency-in-the-eu-by-country/
The Polish Economic Institute. (2022). Share of Russia in hard coal imports in the European Union (EU) in 2019, by country. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 28, 2026. /statistics/1302360/russian-coal-dependency-in-the-eu-by-country/
The Polish Economic Institute. "Share of Russia in Hard Coal Imports in The European Union (Eu) in 2019, by Country." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 7 Apr 2022, /statistics/1302360/russian-coal-dependency-in-the-eu-by-country/
The Polish Economic Institute, Share of Russia in hard coal imports in the European Union (EU) in 2019, by country ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1302360/russian-coal-dependency-in-the-eu-by-country/ (last visited July 28, 2026)
Share of Russia in hard coal imports in the European Union (EU) in 2019, by country [Graph], The Polish Economic Institute, April 7, 2022. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1302360/russian-coal-dependency-in-the-eu-by-country/
