* Or latest year available.
** Data for 2016.
*** Data for 2017.
The source specified that "The Russian Federation was not included in the analysis as a brief summary of the country’s pharmaceutical policy framework cannot be presented owing to the regionalization and fragmentation of the Russian health care system."
Citation formats
Private pharma spending share in Eastern Europe & Central Asia 2018, by country
In Ukraine, ** percent of the total spending on pharmaceuticals was paid privately in 2018. That was the highest share among presented countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. To compare, the private expenditure share in Tajikistan was measured at ** percent.
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WHO. (September 2, 2020). Share of total pharmaceutical expenditure paid privately in Eastern Europe and Central Asia in 2018, by selected country [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. Retrieved July 30, 2026, from /statistics/1169580/pharma-private-spending-share-eastern-europe-and-central-asia-by-country/
WHO. "Share of total pharmaceutical expenditure paid privately in Eastern Europe and Central Asia in 2018, by selected country." Chart. September 2, 2020. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. Accessed July 30, 2026. /statistics/1169580/pharma-private-spending-share-eastern-europe-and-central-asia-by-country/
WHO. (2020). Share of total pharmaceutical expenditure paid privately in Eastern Europe and Central Asia in 2018, by selected country. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 30, 2026. /statistics/1169580/pharma-private-spending-share-eastern-europe-and-central-asia-by-country/
WHO. "Share of Total Pharmaceutical Expenditure Paid Privately in Eastern Europe and Central Asia in 2018, by Selected Country." ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ Inc., 2 Sep 2020, /statistics/1169580/pharma-private-spending-share-eastern-europe-and-central-asia-by-country/
WHO, Share of total pharmaceutical expenditure paid privately in Eastern Europe and Central Asia in 2018, by selected country ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ, /statistics/1169580/pharma-private-spending-share-eastern-europe-and-central-asia-by-country/ (last visited July 30, 2026)
Share of total pharmaceutical expenditure paid privately in Eastern Europe and Central Asia in 2018, by selected country [Graph], WHO, September 2, 2020. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1169580/pharma-private-spending-share-eastern-europe-and-central-asia-by-country/