In a survey conducted in 2019, 42.4 percent of respondents in Japan considered themselves lower middle class. The share of respondents identifying themselves as lower middle class has decreased by 14 percent since 1990.
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Dentsu. (April 27, 2020). Perception of social status in Japan in 2019 [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 24, 2026, from /statistics/1168844/japan-perception-of-social-status/
Dentsu. "Perception of social status in Japan in 2019." Chart. April 27, 2020. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 24, 2026. /statistics/1168844/japan-perception-of-social-status/
Dentsu. (2020). Perception of social status in Japan in 2019. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 24, 2026. /statistics/1168844/japan-perception-of-social-status/
Dentsu. "Perception of Social Status in Japan in 2019." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 27 Apr 2020, /statistics/1168844/japan-perception-of-social-status/
Dentsu, Perception of social status in Japan in 2019 ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1168844/japan-perception-of-social-status/ (last visited July 24, 2026)
Perception of social status in Japan in 2019 [Graph], Dentsu, April 27, 2020. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1168844/japan-perception-of-social-status/
