ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ

Poland's natural population increase has undergone considerable fluctuations since 1946, with a notable decline of nearly 156,720 in 2024. This recent downturn marks a stark contrast to the post-World War II era, when the country experienced substantial population growth.

Declining fertility and population projections

A key factor contributing to Poland's population decline is the falling fertility rate, which reached a low of 1.16 children per woman in 2023. This figure is well below the replacement level needed to maintain a stable population. The impact of low fertility is evident in long-term population projections, with forecasts suggesting Poland's population could decrease to approximately 29.5 million by 2100. 

Migration patterns 

Migration plays a complex role in Poland's population dynamics. While the country has historically been a source of emigrants, recent years have seen a shift towards positive net migration. In 2024, Poland recorded more inflows than outflows, resulting in a net migration of nearly 9,300 people. The three most common countries from which people emigrated to Poland were Ukraine (nearly 40,000 people), Belarus (14,000 people), and Germany (3,800 people).