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Net balance of trade of global critical minerals in 2023, by region (in billion U.S. dollars)

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Sources

Release date

June 2025

Region

Worldwide

Survey time period

2023

Special properties

net mineral trade balance; normalized

Supplementary notes

*Includes Germanium, Indium, Niobium, Tantalum, and Vanadium.

Data reflects minerals required for energy transition only.

According to the source, net mineral trade balance values range between -1 and 1. The positive value indicates that an economy has net exports or surpluses. The negative values mean a deficit, indicating that the economy imports more than it exports.

Citation formats

Net trade balance of critical minerals worldwide 2023, by region

Published by
Doris Dokua Sasu,
Dec 22, 2025

As of 2023, Africa and Oceania exported more critical minerals required for energy transition than the regions imported, compared to other regions globally. Both regions registered the most critical mineral trade surpluses that year. The Americas achieved the highest trade surpluses with regard to lithium and cadmium. On the other hand, Asia and Europe recorded the majority of the trade deficits.

The UN Trade and Investment Conference (UNCTAD) designates 60 different minerals as critical, based on their role in structural transformations, supply risks, and their importance for developing economies. 

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