The end-of-life recycling rate for cobalt in electric vehicle (EV) batteries and battery storage systems is approximately ** percent. Similarly, the silicon used in solar photovoltaic energy and the rare earths utilized for wind turbine permanent magnets have a recycling rate of about ** percent.
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Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, & Eurometaux. (April 25, 2022). End of life recycling rate of selected critical minerals worldwide, by energy technology (in percent) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 31, 2026, from /statistics/1489149/global-critical-minerals-recycling-rate-by-energy-technology-and-mineral/
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, und Eurometaux. "End of life recycling rate of selected critical minerals worldwide, by energy technology (in percent)." Chart. April 25, 2022. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 31, 2026. /statistics/1489149/global-critical-minerals-recycling-rate-by-energy-technology-and-mineral/
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Eurometaux. (2022). End of life recycling rate of selected critical minerals worldwide, by energy technology (in percent). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 31, 2026. /statistics/1489149/global-critical-minerals-recycling-rate-by-energy-technology-and-mineral/
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, and Eurometaux. "End of Life Recycling Rate of Selected Critical Minerals Worldwide, by Energy Technology (in Percent)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 25 Apr 2022, /statistics/1489149/global-critical-minerals-recycling-rate-by-energy-technology-and-mineral/
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven & Eurometaux, End of life recycling rate of selected critical minerals worldwide, by energy technology (in percent) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1489149/global-critical-minerals-recycling-rate-by-energy-technology-and-mineral/ (last visited July 31, 2026)
End of life recycling rate of selected critical minerals worldwide, by energy technology (in percent) [Graph], Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, & Eurometaux, April 25, 2022. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1489149/global-critical-minerals-recycling-rate-by-energy-technology-and-mineral/
