| Characteristic | Internal combustion engine vehicle (petrol) | Plug-in hybrid EV (petrol) | Battery electric vehicle |
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| - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - |
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| - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - |
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| - | - | - | - |
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June 2024
Worldwide
2024
Life cycle emissions for a medium-sized vehicle over 15 years, with average mileage of 42 km/day.
Figures in this statistic consider the direct and indirect impacts of vehicle manufacturing, fuel production and distribution, and the use of the vehicle. The lifecycle emissions are split into the following categories: Vehicle cycle - Vehicle manufacturing - Battery manufacturing Fuel cycle - Fuel production (well-to-tank) - Fuel consumption (tank-to-wheel).
Figures are under a Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario. The Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario depicts a narrow but achievable pathway for the global energy sector to reach net zero energy-related CO₂ emissions by 2050 by deploying a wide portfolio of clean energy technologies and without offsets from land-use measures. It recognizes that achieving net zero energy sector CO₂ emissions by 2050 depends on fair and effective global co-operation, with advanced economies taking the lead and reaching net zero emissions earlier in the NZE Scenario than emerging market and developing economies. This scenario also achieves universal modern energy access by 2030, consistent with the energy-related targets of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The NZE Scenario is consistent with limiting the global temperature rise to 1.5 °C (with at least a 50% probability) with limited overshoot.
Vehicle characteristics:
Petrol ICE: Average fuel consumption - 7.0 L/100km.
PHEV: 30% of km traveled on battery power. Average fuel consumption - 5.1 L/100km.
BEV: Range - 300 km. Average power consumption - 19.1 kWh/100km.Â
Energy supply: Biofuel blending (ethanol/gasoline share - 4.6%.
Examples of medium cars include: VW Lavida, VW Golf, or Toyota Corolla.Â









