In 2023, the primary balance of the general government in Japan was negative, equivalent to around *** percent of the gross domestic product (GDP). The primary balance is the government's fiscal balance excluding debt servicing costs.
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OECD. (July 9, 2025). General government primary balance as a percentage of the gross domestic product in Japan from 2007 to 2023 [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. Retrieved August 03, 2026, from /statistics/1489244/japan-primary-balance-as-a-share-of-gdp/
OECD. "General government primary balance as a percentage of the gross domestic product in Japan from 2007 to 2023." Chart. July 9, 2025. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. Accessed August 03, 2026. /statistics/1489244/japan-primary-balance-as-a-share-of-gdp/
OECD. (2025). General government primary balance as a percentage of the gross domestic product in Japan from 2007 to 2023. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ Inc.. Accessed: August 03, 2026. /statistics/1489244/japan-primary-balance-as-a-share-of-gdp/
OECD. "General Government Primary Balance as a Percentage of The Gross Domestic Product in Japan from 2007 to 2023." ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ Inc., 9 Jul 2025, /statistics/1489244/japan-primary-balance-as-a-share-of-gdp/
OECD, General government primary balance as a percentage of the gross domestic product in Japan from 2007 to 2023 ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ, /statistics/1489244/japan-primary-balance-as-a-share-of-gdp/ (last visited August 03, 2026)
General government primary balance as a percentage of the gross domestic product in Japan from 2007 to 2023 [Graph], OECD, July 9, 2025. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1489244/japan-primary-balance-as-a-share-of-gdp/