Figures are based on fugitive and exhaust emissions from combustion-related processes of crude oil refining.
Oil refining emissions are estimated with the Petroleum Refinery Life-Cycle Inventory Model (PRELIM). PRELIM estimates energy use and greenhouse gas emissions associated with processing various crude oil types for different refinery configurations. Inputs include refinery locations, configurations, and crude refining throughputs to generate GHG intensities and absolute emissions by country.
Figures account for greenhouse gas emissions based on their 100-year global warming potential (GWP).
The source did not provide a release date. The date given is the date of website access.
Citation formats
Global GHG emissions from oil and gas refining 2015-2023
Global oil and gas refining emissions were estimated at *** million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO₂e) in 2023 – a year-on-year increase of *** percent. Emissions from this sector plummeted **** percent in 2020 as the COVID-19 pandemic hit global oil and gas demand. In total, oil and gas refining has emitted almost **** GtCO₂e between 2015 and 2023.
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Climate TRACE. (January 9, 2025). Greenhouse gas emissions from oil and gas refining worldwide from 2015 to 2023 (in billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 25, 2026, from /statistics/1383704/global-oil-and-gas-refining-emissions/
Climate TRACE. "Greenhouse gas emissions from oil and gas refining worldwide from 2015 to 2023 (in billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent)." Chart. January 9, 2025. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 25, 2026. /statistics/1383704/global-oil-and-gas-refining-emissions/
Climate TRACE. (2025). Greenhouse gas emissions from oil and gas refining worldwide from 2015 to 2023 (in billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 25, 2026. /statistics/1383704/global-oil-and-gas-refining-emissions/
Climate TRACE. "Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Oil and Gas Refining Worldwide from 2015 to 2023 (in Billion Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 9 Jan 2025, /statistics/1383704/global-oil-and-gas-refining-emissions/
Climate TRACE, Greenhouse gas emissions from oil and gas refining worldwide from 2015 to 2023 (in billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1383704/global-oil-and-gas-refining-emissions/ (last visited July 25, 2026)
Greenhouse gas emissions from oil and gas refining worldwide from 2015 to 2023 (in billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent) [Graph], Climate TRACE, January 9, 2025. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1383704/global-oil-and-gas-refining-emissions/
