In 2021, ** percent of cases closed by the Office of Integrity and Anti-Corruption (PIAC) were fraud cases. The source explains that the cases of fraud are mostly found during procurements which were directed towards projects financed by the bank. PIAC is a department of the Africa Development Bank (AfDB) mandated to carry out independent investigations into corruption and other sanctionable practices within the AfDB and AfDB-financed operations, and to develop preventive measures that would mitigate the risk of such practices.
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AfDB. (April 1, 2022). Cases of sanctionable practices closed by the Office of Integrity and Anti-Corruption (PIAC) in Africa as of 2021, by type [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved August 03, 2026, from /statistics/1255194/distribution-of-sanctionable-cases-closed-by-piac-in-africa-by-type/
AfDB. "Cases of sanctionable practices closed by the Office of Integrity and Anti-Corruption (PIAC) in Africa as of 2021, by type." Chart. April 1, 2022. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed August 03, 2026. /statistics/1255194/distribution-of-sanctionable-cases-closed-by-piac-in-africa-by-type/
AfDB. (2022). Cases of sanctionable practices closed by the Office of Integrity and Anti-Corruption (PIAC) in Africa as of 2021, by type. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: August 03, 2026. /statistics/1255194/distribution-of-sanctionable-cases-closed-by-piac-in-africa-by-type/
AfDB. "Cases of Sanctionable Practices Closed by The Office of Integrity and Anti-corruption (Piac) in Africa as of 2021, by Type." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 1 Apr 2022, /statistics/1255194/distribution-of-sanctionable-cases-closed-by-piac-in-africa-by-type/
AfDB, Cases of sanctionable practices closed by the Office of Integrity and Anti-Corruption (PIAC) in Africa as of 2021, by type ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1255194/distribution-of-sanctionable-cases-closed-by-piac-in-africa-by-type/ (last visited August 03, 2026)
Cases of sanctionable practices closed by the Office of Integrity and Anti-Corruption (PIAC) in Africa as of 2021, by type [Graph], AfDB, April 1, 2022. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1255194/distribution-of-sanctionable-cases-closed-by-piac-in-africa-by-type/
