Domestic navigation covers vessels departing from and arriving to the same country. International navigation covers vessels departing from one country and arriving to another.
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COâ‚‚ emissions from maritime transportation in the EU 1990-2023, by type
Maritime emissions in the European Union totaled 137 million metric tons of carbon dioxide (MtCO₂) in 2023. Almost 90 percent of this total came from international navigation. Navigation accounted for approximately 13 percent of total transportation emissions in the EU in 2023.
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European Commission. (April 25, 2025). Carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚) emissions from domestic and international navigation in the European Union (EU-27) from 1990 to 2023 (in million metric tons) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 29, 2026, from /statistics/1239741/maritime-transportation-greenhouse-gas-emissions-eu-by-mode/
European Commission. "Carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚) emissions from domestic and international navigation in the European Union (EU-27) from 1990 to 2023 (in million metric tons)." Chart. April 25, 2025. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 29, 2026. /statistics/1239741/maritime-transportation-greenhouse-gas-emissions-eu-by-mode/
European Commission. (2025). Carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚) emissions from domestic and international navigation in the European Union (EU-27) from 1990 to 2023 (in million metric tons). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 29, 2026. /statistics/1239741/maritime-transportation-greenhouse-gas-emissions-eu-by-mode/
European Commission. "Carbon Dioxide (Coâ‚‚) Emissions from Domestic and International Navigation in The European Union (Eu-27) from 1990 to 2023 (in Million Metric Tons)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 25 Apr 2025, /statistics/1239741/maritime-transportation-greenhouse-gas-emissions-eu-by-mode/
European Commission, Carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚) emissions from domestic and international navigation in the European Union (EU-27) from 1990 to 2023 (in million metric tons) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1239741/maritime-transportation-greenhouse-gas-emissions-eu-by-mode/ (last visited July 29, 2026)
Carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚) emissions from domestic and international navigation in the European Union (EU-27) from 1990 to 2023 (in million metric tons) [Graph], European Commission, April 25, 2025. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1239741/maritime-transportation-greenhouse-gas-emissions-eu-by-mode/
