*The source adds the following information: "We derived data from a comprehensive meta-analysis, identifying 1530 studies for potential inclusion, which were supplemented with additional data received from 139 authors. Studies were assessed against 11 criteria designed to standardize methodology, resulting in 570 suitable studies with a median reference year of 2010. The data set covers ~38,700 commercially viable farms in 119 countries and 40 products representing ~90% of global protein and calorie consumption'.
Citation formats
Global freshwater withdrawals for protein products 2018
It takes approximately liters of freshwater to produce 100 grams of protein from cheese. Cheese has a high volume of protein. Cheddar for example, contains ** grams of protein per 100 grams. Nuts need a similar volume of water to cheese to produce 100 grams of protein.
Profit from the additional features of your individual account
Currently, you are using a shared account. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set
statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account.
If you are an admin, please authenticate by logging in again.
Learn more about how ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ can support your business.
OWID, & Expert(s) (Poore, J & Nemecek, T). (January 1, 2020). Average freshwater withdrawals of protein products worldwide as of 2018, by food product (in liters of freshwater per 100 grams of protein) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 31, 2026, from /statistics/1179868/freshwater-withdrawals-of-protein-products-worldwide/
OWID, und Expert(s) (Poore, J & Nemecek, T). "Average freshwater withdrawals of protein products worldwide as of 2018, by food product (in liters of freshwater per 100 grams of protein)." Chart. January 1, 2020. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 31, 2026. /statistics/1179868/freshwater-withdrawals-of-protein-products-worldwide/
OWID, Expert(s) (Poore, J & Nemecek, T). (2020). Average freshwater withdrawals of protein products worldwide as of 2018, by food product (in liters of freshwater per 100 grams of protein). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 31, 2026. /statistics/1179868/freshwater-withdrawals-of-protein-products-worldwide/
OWID, and Expert(s) (Poore, J & Nemecek, T). "Average Freshwater Withdrawals of Protein Products Worldwide as of 2018, by Food Product (in Liters of Freshwater per 100 Grams of Protein)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 1 Jan 2020, /statistics/1179868/freshwater-withdrawals-of-protein-products-worldwide/
OWID & Expert(s) (Poore, J & Nemecek, T), Average freshwater withdrawals of protein products worldwide as of 2018, by food product (in liters of freshwater per 100 grams of protein) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1179868/freshwater-withdrawals-of-protein-products-worldwide/ (last visited July 31, 2026)
Average freshwater withdrawals of protein products worldwide as of 2018, by food product (in liters of freshwater per 100 grams of protein) [Graph], OWID, & Expert(s) (Poore, J & Nemecek, T), January 1, 2020. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1179868/freshwater-withdrawals-of-protein-products-worldwide/
