*Data represents the global median greenhouse gas emissions of food products based on a large meta-analysis of food production covering 38,700 commercially viable farms in 119 countries.
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Global carbon footprint of food supply chain by select product
The supply chain of beef from cattle generated greenhouse gas emissions averaging ** kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram of product, with the most emission-intensive stage being the farming process. In general, plant-based food products, such as fruits and root vegetables, accounted for a significantly lower carbon footprint compared to meat products.
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OWID. (June 1, 2021). Greenhouse gas emissions across the food supply chain worldwide, by select product (in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved August 05, 2026, from /statistics/1099996/food-product-supply-chain-greenhouse-gas-emissions-globally/
OWID. "Greenhouse gas emissions across the food supply chain worldwide, by select product (in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram)." Chart. June 1, 2021. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed August 05, 2026. /statistics/1099996/food-product-supply-chain-greenhouse-gas-emissions-globally/
OWID. (2021). Greenhouse gas emissions across the food supply chain worldwide, by select product (in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: August 05, 2026. /statistics/1099996/food-product-supply-chain-greenhouse-gas-emissions-globally/
OWID. "Greenhouse Gas Emissions across The Food Supply Chain Worldwide, by Select Product (in Kilograms of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent per Kilogram)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 1 Jun 2021, /statistics/1099996/food-product-supply-chain-greenhouse-gas-emissions-globally/
OWID, Greenhouse gas emissions across the food supply chain worldwide, by select product (in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1099996/food-product-supply-chain-greenhouse-gas-emissions-globally/ (last visited August 05, 2026)
Greenhouse gas emissions across the food supply chain worldwide, by select product (in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram) [Graph], OWID, June 1, 2021. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1099996/food-product-supply-chain-greenhouse-gas-emissions-globally/
