In 2018, approximately * billion U.S. dollars of federal funding went to research and development (R&D) expenditures. Of that funding, billion U.S. dollars went to R&D for the defense sector. The federally funded R&D expenditures account for operations, plant, and equipment.
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Breakthrough Energy Coalition. (September 16, 2020). Federal research and development (R&D) investments in the United States in 2018, by sector (in billion U.S. dollars) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 26, 2026, from /statistics/1173782/us-federal-research-development-investments-sector/
Breakthrough Energy Coalition. "Federal research and development (R&D) investments in the United States in 2018, by sector (in billion U.S. dollars)." Chart. September 16, 2020. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 26, 2026. /statistics/1173782/us-federal-research-development-investments-sector/
Breakthrough Energy Coalition. (2020). Federal research and development (R&D) investments in the United States in 2018, by sector (in billion U.S. dollars). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 26, 2026. /statistics/1173782/us-federal-research-development-investments-sector/
Breakthrough Energy Coalition. "Federal Research and Development (R&d) Investments in The United States in 2018, by Sector (in Billion U.S. Dollars)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 16 Sep 2020, /statistics/1173782/us-federal-research-development-investments-sector/
Breakthrough Energy Coalition, Federal research and development (R&D) investments in the United States in 2018, by sector (in billion U.S. dollars) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1173782/us-federal-research-development-investments-sector/ (last visited July 26, 2026)
Federal research and development (R&D) investments in the United States in 2018, by sector (in billion U.S. dollars) [Graph], Breakthrough Energy Coalition, September 16, 2020. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1173782/us-federal-research-development-investments-sector/
