Research for industrial production purposes generated a 28-percent share of costs on all research and development (R&D) areas in Russia in 2023. It was followed by the general development of science with a share of around ** percent.
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Higher School of Economics. (December 25, 2024). Share of internal costs on research and development (R&D) in Russia in 2023, by socio-economic purpose [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 27, 2026, from /statistics/1147960/research-and-development-costs-in-russia-by-purpose/
Higher School of Economics. "Share of internal costs on research and development (R&D) in Russia in 2023, by socio-economic purpose." Chart. December 25, 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 27, 2026. /statistics/1147960/research-and-development-costs-in-russia-by-purpose/
Higher School of Economics. (2024). Share of internal costs on research and development (R&D) in Russia in 2023, by socio-economic purpose. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 27, 2026. /statistics/1147960/research-and-development-costs-in-russia-by-purpose/
Higher School of Economics. "Share of Internal Costs on Research and Development (R&d) in Russia in 2023, by Socio-economic Purpose." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 25 Dec 2024, /statistics/1147960/research-and-development-costs-in-russia-by-purpose/
Higher School of Economics, Share of internal costs on research and development (R&D) in Russia in 2023, by socio-economic purpose ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1147960/research-and-development-costs-in-russia-by-purpose/ (last visited July 27, 2026)
Share of internal costs on research and development (R&D) in Russia in 2023, by socio-economic purpose [Graph], Higher School of Economics, December 25, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1147960/research-and-development-costs-in-russia-by-purpose/
