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Germany has consistently produced the most carbon dioxide emissions in the European Union since the turn of the century. In 2025, Europe's largest economy emitted nearly *** million metric tons of carbon dioxide. This was equal to the combined emissions produced by the two next largest emitters in the EU – Italy and Poland. Together, these three countries were responsible for almost half of total EU carbon dioxide emissions from energy use in 2025.

Carbon footprints

Although Luxembourg is one of the lowest overall carbon polluters in the EU, the country's per capita GHG emissions are the highest throughout the region, at around ** metric tons of COâ‚‚ equivalent per capita. This is almost double the EU average. There are multiple reasons for this, such as a high car ownership rate, and fuel-tourism from neighboring countries due to low prices.

Emission reduction targets

As part of the EU's Effort Sharing Regulation, member states will collectively contribute to EU-level emission reductions of ** percent in 2030, relative to 2005 levels. The ESR establishes binding GHG emissions targets for each member state. These targets vary greatly, with wealthier countries typically having higher targets. Germany, for example, will need to cut its emissions by ** percent by 2030, relative to 2005 levels.