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Poland's presidential elections have seen fluctuating voter turnout over the years, with the 2025 election marking a record high. The second round of voting in 2025 saw an impressive 71.63 percent of eligible voters casting their ballots, surpassing all previous turnouts since 1990. This surge in civic participation reflects growing political engagement among Polish citizens and underscores the significance of the presidential role in the country's governance.

Increased voter base and participation

The 2025 election saw a larger pool of eligible voters compared to previous years, with 29.25 million citizens able to participate. This represents a significant increase from 27.44 million eligible voters in the first presidential election of 1990. The high turnout was particularly notable in cities, where participation was 3.80 percent higher than in rural areas. Remarkably, over 84 percent of Poles living abroad cast their votes, demonstrating a strong interest in the election's outcome among the Polish diaspora.

Close race and electoral outcome

The 2025 presidential election was a closely contested race, with Rafał Trzaskowski winning the first round with 31.36 percent of the vote. However, the second round saw a narrow victory for Karol Nawrocki, the candidate of the PiS party, who secured 50.89 percent of the votes against Trzaskowski's 49.11 percent. This tight margin highlights the polarized nature of Polish politics and the importance of high voter turnout in determining the outcome. The record participation rate of 71.63 percent in the second round demonstrates the heightened interest and stakes involved in this election.