The source does not specify the number of respondents.
Respondents were asked the following questions:
"Has a police officer asked you for a bribe in the last twelve months?
In the last twelve months, did any government employee ask you for a bribe?"
According to a survey carried out in 2023, between four and nine percent of respondents in Panama said that they had been asked or had to pay a bribe in different interactions with public authorities (police officers and/or government employees). Panama ranked towards the bottom among other Latin American countries in this regard.
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Vanderbilt University. (May 31, 2024). Share of respondents who were asked or had to pay a bribe in the last 12 months in Panama in 2023 [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 20, 2026, from /statistics/1068218/people-experiences-bribery-public-services-panama/
Vanderbilt University. "Share of respondents who were asked or had to pay a bribe in the last 12 months in Panama in 2023." Chart. May 31, 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 20, 2026. /statistics/1068218/people-experiences-bribery-public-services-panama/
Vanderbilt University. (2024). Share of respondents who were asked or had to pay a bribe in the last 12 months in Panama in 2023. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 20, 2026. /statistics/1068218/people-experiences-bribery-public-services-panama/
Vanderbilt University. "Share of Respondents Who Were Asked or Had to Pay a Bribe in The Last 12 Months in Panama in 2023." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 31 May 2024, /statistics/1068218/people-experiences-bribery-public-services-panama/
Vanderbilt University, Share of respondents who were asked or had to pay a bribe in the last 12 months in Panama in 2023 ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1068218/people-experiences-bribery-public-services-panama/ (last visited July 20, 2026)
Share of respondents who were asked or had to pay a bribe in the last 12 months in Panama in 2023 [Graph], Vanderbilt University, May 31, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1068218/people-experiences-bribery-public-services-panama/
