Undercounts are expressed as negatives and overcounts are expressed as positives.
A low risk scenario is considered by the source to be a 2020 Census that would be carried out with the same level of success and accuracy as the 2010 Census and that demographics have changed as expected.
A medium risk scenario is considered to be if the 2020 Census is executed as planned by the U.S. Census Bureau using parameters from the 2020 Census Operational Plan and a response rate of 60.5 percent.
A high risk scenario is considered to be if the 2020 Census performs below expectations with a response rate of 55.5 percent and the inclusion of the citizenship question.
Citation formats
Projected percent undercount during U.S. Census by risk scenario and ethnicity 2019
This statistic shows the projected percent undercount during the 2020 U.S. Census in 2019, by risk scenario and ethnicity. In 2019, it is projected that in a medium risk scenario, the 2020 U.S. Census will undercount Black people by **** percent and undercount Hispanic/Latinx people by **** percent.
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Urban Institute. (June 4, 2019). Projected percent undercount during the 2020 U.S. Census in 2019, by risk scenario and ethnicity [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 20, 2026, from /statistics/1013017/projected-percent-undercount-us-census-risk-scenario-ethnicity/
Urban Institute. "Projected percent undercount during the 2020 U.S. Census in 2019, by risk scenario and ethnicity." Chart. June 4, 2019. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 20, 2026. /statistics/1013017/projected-percent-undercount-us-census-risk-scenario-ethnicity/
Urban Institute. (2019). Projected percent undercount during the 2020 U.S. Census in 2019, by risk scenario and ethnicity. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 20, 2026. /statistics/1013017/projected-percent-undercount-us-census-risk-scenario-ethnicity/
Urban Institute. "Projected Percent Undercount during The 2020 U.S. Census in 2019, by Risk Scenario and Ethnicity." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 4 Jun 2019, /statistics/1013017/projected-percent-undercount-us-census-risk-scenario-ethnicity/
Urban Institute, Projected percent undercount during the 2020 U.S. Census in 2019, by risk scenario and ethnicity ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1013017/projected-percent-undercount-us-census-risk-scenario-ethnicity/ (last visited July 20, 2026)
Projected percent undercount during the 2020 U.S. Census in 2019, by risk scenario and ethnicity [Graph], Urban Institute, June 4, 2019. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1013017/projected-percent-undercount-us-census-risk-scenario-ethnicity/
