ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ

In 2024, men holding top management positions earned roughly ** euros annually in Italy. In the same year, the annual gross salary of female top managers amounted to approximately * euros, euros less than their male colleagues. This represents the largest grade wage gap recorded by . Specifically, at the middle management level, the pay difference was euros. Even though, the pay gap has decreased between 2016 and 2024, it was still ten percent in favor of men for white-collar workers.Ìý

Unemployment rate by gender

The pay gap is one of the major indicators to determine the level of gender inequality in a given society. Another relevant indicator is the unemployment rate. In 2024, the unemployment rate was higher among females than among males across all Italian regions. The southern regions Campania, Sicily, and Calabria recorded the highest levels of unemployment for both men and women. Basilicata, another southern region, registered the greatest gap between genders in terms of unemployment.Ìý

Females in management positions

The presence of women in top management positions is a key indicator for grasping the level of gender inequality in the working environment. In 2023, women represented **** percent of the members of the boards of companies listed on the stock exchange in Italy, recording an ongoing growth since 2013, when only **** percent of the members of the boards were women.